Thursday, October 11, 2007
Tuesday, October 2, 2007
Genetic/Cell Cycles
1. What is DNA?
- (blue print of life) deoxyribonucleic acid.
2. What are the 4 bases?
- T- Thymine, C- Cytosine, G- guanine, A- adenine.
3. What 2 peices of information did the scientists need to solve the elusive structure of DNA?
- Phosphate backbone, double helix.
4. What are the specific base pairs?
- (adenine,thynine) (guanine,cytosine)
5. How does the pairing rule effect the shape and structure of DNA?
- Each rung of the twisted ladder in the Helix would be of equal size, and the sugar-phosphate backbone would be smooth.
6. What does the DNA do during cell division?
- It is able to unzip into two pairs.
7. How many base pairs does E. Coli have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
- It makes 4 million pairs in once every 20 minutes and it is curled up in a condensed fashion.
8. How many base pairs does Human DNA have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
- It makes 3 billion pairs in about 12 - 24 hours and is packaged into 23 distinct chromosome pairs.
1. What is RNA? How different is it from DNA?
- RNA is an abbreviated form of a chemical name which in the case of RNA is ribonucleic Acid. It is only made up of one strand.
2. How are the RNA messages formed?
- In RNA the non coding parts are removed processed then transported outside of the nucleus.
3. How are the RNA messages interpreted?
- On the outside of the nucleus, the proteins are built based upon the code in the RNA.
1. Describe cell cycle.
- It is the orderly sequence of events that occurs from the time a cell divides to form two daughter cells to the time those daughter cells divide again.
2. What is nuclear division.
- During the process known as karyokinesis, the nucleus divides. Nuclear division includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
3. What is interphase.
- It is when the cell grows and metabolic activity is very high.
4. Cytokinesis.
- It is when the Cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells are formed.
5. Homologous chromosomes.
- a pair of chromosomes containing the same linear gene sequences, each derived from one parent. The chromosomes tend to pair or synapse during meiosis. They have the same genes, in the same location, but the genes have different versions (not like in sister chromatids that are exact replicas)
6. Phases of mitosis (5 of them).
-Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
7. Phases of meiosis and how it is different from mitosis.
- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Meiosis makes twice as much as Mitosis.
8. Describe the process and purpose of crossing over.
- Each parent cell has pairs of homologous chromosomes, one homolog from the father and one from the mother. In meiosis, the maternal and paternal chromosomes can be shuffled into the daughter cells in many different combinations. This ensures genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Further genetic variation comes from crossing over, which may occur during prophase I of meiosis.
- (blue print of life) deoxyribonucleic acid.
2. What are the 4 bases?
- T- Thymine, C- Cytosine, G- guanine, A- adenine.
3. What 2 peices of information did the scientists need to solve the elusive structure of DNA?
- Phosphate backbone, double helix.
4. What are the specific base pairs?
- (adenine,thynine) (guanine,cytosine)
5. How does the pairing rule effect the shape and structure of DNA?
- Each rung of the twisted ladder in the Helix would be of equal size, and the sugar-phosphate backbone would be smooth.
6. What does the DNA do during cell division?
- It is able to unzip into two pairs.
7. How many base pairs does E. Coli have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
- It makes 4 million pairs in once every 20 minutes and it is curled up in a condensed fashion.
8. How many base pairs does Human DNA have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
- It makes 3 billion pairs in about 12 - 24 hours and is packaged into 23 distinct chromosome pairs.
1. What is RNA? How different is it from DNA?
- RNA is an abbreviated form of a chemical name which in the case of RNA is ribonucleic Acid. It is only made up of one strand.
2. How are the RNA messages formed?
- In RNA the non coding parts are removed processed then transported outside of the nucleus.
3. How are the RNA messages interpreted?
- On the outside of the nucleus, the proteins are built based upon the code in the RNA.
1. Describe cell cycle.
- It is the orderly sequence of events that occurs from the time a cell divides to form two daughter cells to the time those daughter cells divide again.
2. What is nuclear division.
- During the process known as karyokinesis, the nucleus divides. Nuclear division includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
3. What is interphase.
- It is when the cell grows and metabolic activity is very high.
4. Cytokinesis.
- It is when the Cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells are formed.
5. Homologous chromosomes.
- a pair of chromosomes containing the same linear gene sequences, each derived from one parent. The chromosomes tend to pair or synapse during meiosis. They have the same genes, in the same location, but the genes have different versions (not like in sister chromatids that are exact replicas)
6. Phases of mitosis (5 of them).
-Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
7. Phases of meiosis and how it is different from mitosis.
- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Meiosis makes twice as much as Mitosis.
8. Describe the process and purpose of crossing over.
- Each parent cell has pairs of homologous chromosomes, one homolog from the father and one from the mother. In meiosis, the maternal and paternal chromosomes can be shuffled into the daughter cells in many different combinations. This ensures genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Further genetic variation comes from crossing over, which may occur during prophase I of meiosis.
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