pictures were found on google image.

























Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to make glucose which its energy source comes from the sunlight; whereas Cellular Respiration aside from being the oppostie of photosynthesis. Cell respiration breaks down glucose, using oxygen which creates carbon dioxide and water.

nucleoid
DNA in the bacterial cell is generally confined to this central region. Though it isn't bounded by a membrane, it is visibly distinct (by transmission microscopy) from the rest of the cell interior.

Ribosomes
Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs. Though smaller than the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, these inclusions have a similar function in translating the genetic message in messenger RNA into the production of peptide sequences (proteins).

capsule
This layer of polysaccharide (sometimes proteins) protects the bacterial cell and is often associated with pathogenic bacteria because it serves as a barrier against phagocytosis by white blood cells.

cell wall
Composed of peptidoglycan (polysaccharides + protein), the cell wall maintains the overall shape of a bacterial cell. The three primary shapes in bacteria are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillum (spiral). Mycoplasma are bacteria that have no cell wall and therefore have no definite shape.

plasma membrane
ra This is a lipid bilayer much like the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane of other cells. There are numerous proteins moving within or upon this layer that are primarily responsible for transport of ions, nutrients and waste across the membrane.


Flagella
The purpose of flagella (sing., flagellum) is motility. Flagella are long appendages which rotate by means of a "motor" located just under the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteria may have one, a few, or many flagella in different positions on the cell.

cytoplasm
This contains many of the protiens, molecules, and important substances that the cell needs, as well as keeping the organelles seperate. It is similar to air for us; it has many essential ingredients for continued existence; it provides a medium in which the organelles can exist (living in a vacum is not very easy), and pretty much fills up space.

Mesosome
One structure not shown in our prokaryotic cell is called a mesosome. Not all prokaryotic cells have these. The mesosome is an elaboration of the plasma membrane--a sort of rosette of ruffled membrane intruding into the cell.

Questions

1. What Is the purpose of the Bacterial Flagellum?

2. What is the name of a part of the cell that is rare to find in Prokaryote?

3. What is a cell wall?

1. Explain how currents contribute to the distribution of marine organisms around the planet.

The role of surface currents in transporting heat is reflected in the temperature of the sea surface. Surface temperature is higher on the western sides of the ocean currents carry warm water away from the equator, than on the eastern sides, where cold currents flow toward the equator. Because of this, tropical organisms like corals tend to extend into high latitudes on the west sides of the ocean. Cold loving organisms like kelps, on the other hand, occur closest to the equator on the eastern shores of the oceans.



2. The primary factor influencing ocean currents is temperature regulation. What might happen to the ocean currents (and has happened in the past) as global warming increases?

The flow of some major ocean currents may change, affecting many marine ecosystems. Mangrove forests and estuaries will be flooded; coral reefs may not grow fast enough to keep up with the rising sea levels. A change in the Gulf Stream, for instance, will make northwestern Europe colder.


3. Explain how density changes cause currents.

The book describes it to be, if the surface layer is less dense than the layer below it requires less energy to mix the water; but when the surface layer is a lot more dense than the bottom layer it is harder to mix.

THE SHAPE OF LIFE

What organism is thought to be the first multi-cellular animal?
* The ancient Sponge.

How is it the same and different from animals today (3 examples)?
* Same-cells, molecule, and animal cells
Difference- Feed themselves, reproduce, and does not move

How do Scientists know its an animal?
* The build of their cells and molecules, Collagen a protein held by all living organsims.

What evidence do Scientists have to prove that other animals evolved from this organisms?
*Genetice sequencing w/ sponge and other animals

What more do you want to know?
*Are they self produced and how coul we distinguish between male or female?